home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
- NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is
- being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.
- The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been
- prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.
- See United States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.
-
- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
-
- Syllabus
-
- FARRAR et al., COADMINISTRATORS OF ESTATE
- OF FARRAR, DECEASED v. HOBBY
- certiorari to the united states court of appeals for
- the fifth circuit
- No. 91-990. Argued October 7, 1992-Decided December 14, 1992
-
- Petitioners, coadministrators of decedent Farrar's estate, sought $17
- million in compensatory damages, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983
- and 1985, from respondent Hobby and other Texas public officials for
- the alleged illegal closure of the school that Farrar and his son
- operated. However, the Federal District Court awarded them only
- nominal damages and, subsequently, awarded them $280,000 in
- attorney's fees under 42 U.S.C. 1988. The Court of Appeals
- reversed the fee award on the ground that petitioners were not
- prevailing parties eligible for fees under 1988.
- Held:
- 1.A plaintiff who wins nominal damages is a prevailing party
- under 1988. A plaintiff ``prevails'' when actual relief on the merits
- of his claim materially alters the legal relationship between the
- parties by modifying the defendant's behavior in a way that directly
- benefits the plaintiff. Hewitt v. Helms, 482 U.S. 755; Rhodes v.
- Stewart, 488 U.S. 1; Texas State Teachers Assn. v. Garland Indepen-
- dent School Dist., 489 U.S. 782. Here, petitioners were entitled to
- nominal damages under Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S. 247, 266, because
- they were able to establish Hobby's liability for denial of procedural
- due process, but could not prove the actual injury necessary for a
- compensatory damages award. Judgment for nominal damages
- entitled petitioners to demand payment and modified Hobby's behav-
- ior for petitioners' benefit by forcing him to pay an amount of money
- he otherwise would not have paid. The prevailing party inquiry does
- not turn on the magnitude of the relief obtained, and whether a
- nominal damages award is a ``technical,'' ``insignificant'' victory does
- not affect the plaintiff's prevailing party status. Cf. Garland, supra,
- at 792. Pp.5-10.
- 2.Petitioners are not entitled to a fee award. While the ``tech-
- nical'' nature of a nominal damages award does not affect the prevail-
- ing party inquiry, it does bear on the propriety of fees awarded under
- 1988. The most critical factor in determining a fee award's reason-
- ableness is the degree of success obtained, since a fee based on the
- hours expended on the litigation as a whole may be excessive if a
- plaintiff achieves only partial or limited success. Hensley v. Ecker-
- hart, 461 U.S. 424, 436. When a plaintiff recovers only nominal
- damages because of his failure to prove an essential element of his
- claim for monetary relief, the only reasonable fee is usually no fee at
- all. In light of ``the relationship between'' the extent of petitioners'
- success on the merits and the award's amount, id., at 438, the
- reasonable fee was not the District Court's $280,000 award but no fee
- at all. Pp.10-12.
- 941 F.2d 1311, affirmed.
-
- Thomas, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Rehnquist,
- C. J., and O'Connor, Scalia, and Kennedy, JJ., joined. O'Connor, J.,
- filed a concurring opinion. White, J., filed an opinion concurring in
- part and dissenting in part, in which Blackmun, Stevens, and
- Souter, JJ., joined.
-